Association between Perceived Social Support and Psychological Well-being in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Background: Pregnancy is a critical developmental phase marked by significant physiological and psychological changes that may increase vulnerability to mental health concerns such as anxiety and depression. In this context, perceived social support has emerged as a key psychosocial factor influencing maternal well-being, particularly in collectivistic societies like India, where family and interpersonal relationships play a central role. The present study aimed to examine the predictive role of perceived social support in determining psychological well-being among pregnant women, with a specific focus on support from significant others, family, and friends. Method: A cross-sectional research design was employed with a sample of 100 pregnant women attending maternity clinics in Muzaffarpur, Bihar. Participants were selected using purposive sampling because the study required women who were currently pregnant. Data were collected using the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and the Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWBS). Statistical analyses included correlation and regression analyses to assess relationships and predictive associations. Results: Findings revealed that perceived social support was positively and significantly correlated with overall psychological well-being (r = .307 to .395, p < .01). Among the dimensions, mental health showed significant associations with all sources of support, while interpersonal relations were strongly linked to support from significant others. Family support was particularly related to satisfaction, whereas friends’ support was associated with efficiency. Overall, significant others and family support emerged as stronger predictors of well-being. Conclusion: The study underscores the crucial role of perceived social support in enhancing psychological well-being among pregnant women. Integrating psychosocial interventions into antenatal care and strengthening support systems can promote better maternal mental health outcomes.