Waste Segregation at Source for Rural Households: Towards Sustainable Development and Circular Economy – A Review

Abstract

Waste segregation at source is increasingly recognized as a pivotal component in achieving sustainable development and fostering a circular economy, particularly in rural areas where centralized waste management systems are limited. This paper critically reviews global and Vietnamese practices related to household waste segregation at source, emphasizing its environmental, economic, and social benefits. Internationally, countries such as Japan, Sweden, and South Korea have implemented robust policies and community based models that have successfully minimized landfill dependency and boosted recycling industries. In contrast, rural Vietnam continues to face significant challenges, including limited public awareness, inadequate infrastructure, and policy enforcement gaps. The study employs a qualitative synthesis of peer reviewed literature and case study analyses to assess current practices, explore limitations, and identify innovative policy and technological interventions. Findings suggest that successful source segregation requires a synergistic approach involving local community engagement, supportive policy frameworks, and investment in decentralized waste processing technologies. This paper concludes that implementing targeted waste segregation strategies can significantly contribute to a zero-waste future in rural areas while enabling inclusive growth within the circular economy model in Vietnam and beyond.