Study to Assess Lipid Profile at Various Stages of Hypertension

Abstract

Aims: The study evaluated the serum lipid profile patterns specifically TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and VLDL-C in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and To assess the relationship between lipid abnormalities and different grades of hypertension as per ESH 2023 guidelines.                                                               Study Design: Retrospective observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Cardiology, Tertiary Care Hospital. Conducted over 8months (Jan 2025 to Aug 2025). Methodology: A total of 150 newly diagnosed hypertensive patients were included.  Hypertension was identified based on: Home measurements, Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), OPD/IPD readings. Patients were classified according to ESH 2023 hypertension guidelines into A,B,C Inclusion criteria: Age > 18 years, newly diagnosed hypertensive or pre-hypertensive subjects Exclusion criteria: Prior use of antihypertensive medications, Comorbidities such as diabetes, renal disease. Unwillingness to participate. Serum lipid levels measured: TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, and VLDL-C. Results: The study evaluated the serum lipid profiles across three groups. Mean triglyceride (TG) levels were lowest in Group A (138.59 ± 79.58mg/dl) and showed a progressive increase in Group B (151.30 ± 47.91 mg/dl) and Group C (177.36 ± 21.89 mg/dl), which was statistically significant (p = 0.02). Mean HDL levels were 47.20 ± 6.31 mg/dl, 48.20 ± 9.94 mg/dl, and 50.02 ± 11.10 mg/dl in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, with no significant difference observed (p = 0.139). LDL levels increased with the severity of hypertension, with values of 74.39 ± 14.21 mg/dl, 121 ± 38.16 mg/dl, and 131.71 ± 47.91mg/dl in Groups A, B, and C, respectively, showing a significant difference among groups (p < 0.05). Similarly, total cholesterol (TC) demonstrated an increasing trend across the groups, with values of 147.38 ± 42.46 mg/dl, 191.59 ± 48.78 mg/dl, and 221.35 ± 46.45 mg/dl for Groups A, B, and C, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The study demonstrates a strong association between hypertension severity and lipid abnormalities. Patients with higher grades of hypertension exhibited significantly elevated levels of TC, LDL-C, TG, and VLDL-C.