Extraction and Testing of Natural Dye from Dafara (Cissus populnea) Stem Bark and Its Application on Cotton Fabric

Abstract

Extraction and testing of natural dye from Cissus populnea stem bark and its application on cotton fabric was studied. The maximum absorbance of crude dye from Cissus populnea stem bark extract at different temperature was measured by Ultra Violet-Visible spectrophotometer in a wavelength range of 495 nm-535 nm. It was observed that, the effect of time on dye extraction showed increase in intensity of dye as time increases. Ultra Violet-Visible spectrophotometer also showed that as the extraction time increases the absorption wavelength (nm) also increases from 450 nm to 560 nm. This was ascribed to the high yield of extract and the subsequent evaporation of solvent. Effect of temperature on extraction showed that as the temperature increases from 40°C to 100°C the dye intensity also increases. This was credited to the gradual increase in the removal of the dye components vis a viz increase in dye concentration. Fixed dye test on cotton fabric revealed that the dye works best with a mordant at higher temperatures. This was attributed to interaction between N-H functional group of dye and the O-H functional group of the cotton fabric. Infra-Red determination of unmodified dye extract of Cissus populnea stem bark showed absorption at 1636.3 cm-1 which confirmed the presence of amide group (R-NH2), with a medium-strong intensity of N-H bending.The dye extracted could be of amino-anthraquinone group. Its brightness and improved wash fastness on cotton fabric suggested that it could be used on clothes by the garment making industries when mordant added.