On the Conservation of Bird Sanctuaries, Importance and Challenges: A Review

Abstract

Bird sanctuaries play a key role in conserving bird diversity, as they provide important habitat for migratory and endemic birds, but they face many challenges that threaten ecosystem stability. Pollution caused by industrial waste, agricultural runoff and plastic waste reduces habitat quality and negatively impacts bird populations. Furthermore, habitat encroachment and agricultural expansion often lead to human-wildlife conflicts, resulting in bird displacement and deliberate damage. In particular, thanks to unstable sightseeing and hunting, it violates super control, other sanctuary ecosystems, bird population and its habitat. The invasion of the external species constitutes these problems, transcends local species, and constitutes changes in food networks and humiliated quality in the environment. Addressing these multifaceted challenges requires comprehensive conservation efforts that include not only active management of invasive species but also stricter pollution controls, conflict mitigation strategies, and regulations on human activities. A collaborative approach between conservationists, local communities, and policy makers is essential to ensure the long-term sustainability of bird sanctuaries.