Ethnomedicinal Plants of Bangladesh as a Source of Antimicrobial Agents

Abstract

Background: Microbial pathogens continue to be the primary cause of diseases globally, with infectious diseases presenting a notable public health issue in Bangladesh. Traditionally, communities in this region have turned to plant-derived remedies to address various microbial infections, such as skin ailments, dysentery, and typhoid fever. The abundant botanical variety in the country provides a significant source of natural substances that may possess antimicrobial properties. This research provides a comprehensive inventory of plant species traditionally used for antimicrobial purposes, focusing exclusively on those with recognized ethnomedicinal applications in the context of Bangladesh. Aim: This study aims to compile a comprehensive inventory of plant species traditionally used in the treatment of infectious diseases in Bangladesh. It provides detailed identification of each plant, including botanical name, family name, local name, and the specific parts utilized for therapeutic purposes. By systematically documenting these ethnomedicinal resources, the study seeks to support researchers in the discovery of novel antimicrobial lead compounds derived from natural sources. Results: A total of 273 plant species belonging to 97 families have been documented for their traditional use as antimicrobial agents in Bangladesh. Among the various plant parts utilized, leaves are the most frequently employed, with 140 species relying on leaf-based preparations for therapeutic purposes. Notably, Clerodendrum viscosum Vent., Terminalia chebula Retz. and Aegle marmelos (L.) Corr. are among the most commonly cited species, consistently recognized for their antimicrobial properties, primarily used in dysentery across multiple regions of the country.