Severe Thrombocytopenia Associated with Dengue Fever and Its Management by Using Platelet Concentrates: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Dengue virus is a flavivirus, transmitted by mosquitos (Aedes aegypti). It represents an important global health problem, particularly in Brazil, India, Indonesia, Thailand, and the Philippines (countries in the tropics and subtropics). Dengue illness ranges from asymptomatic infection to severe dengue, characterized by plasma leakage or severe bleeding or organ impairment. Thrombocytopenia is fairly recognizable and potentially life-threatening in severe cases of dengue. This review aims to assess the efficacy of platelet concentrates in the treatment of severe thrombocytopenia associated with dengue infection. The study examines several literature articles according to the manner of data collecting. The information acquired was based on the analysis's objectives. Data analysis was done with articles, PubMed, google scholar and science direct. The relationship between Dengue infection and thrombocytopenia demonstrates the intricacies of dengue etiology and stresses the importance of targeted treatment strategies. This study investigated many pathways implicated in dengue-induced platelet decrease, including direct platelet infection, megakaryocyte suppression, and immune-mediated clearance. The findings indicate that medicines focused on these pathways have the potential to minimize the severe clinical effects of dengue. Furthermore, platelet concentrators have shown promise in the treatment of thrombocytopenia, offering a viable alternative for reducing bleeding risks and improving patient outcomes. Continued research into the molecular links between DENV and platelet biology is crucial for developing more effective treatments and, ultimately, improving clinical dengue fever care.