Influence of Biochar and Amendment Application on Performance of Wheat in Sodic Soils

Abstract

Soil sodicity poses significant challenges to agriculture, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, by deteriorating soil structure, reducing fertility, and constraining crop productivity. In the Ravi-Tawi Command area of Jammu, nearly 7,500 hectares of sodic soils limit wheat yields during the rabi season. This study evaluates the effects of biochar, farmyard manure (FYM), halophilic bioformulations, and gypsum, applied individually and synergistically, on the growth, yield, and physiological responses of wheat grown under sodic conditions. The application of acidified biochar at 5.0 t ha⁻¹ combined with FYM, Consortia, and 50% gypsum recommendation (F4 treatment) significantly improved growth and yield parameters, with plant height increasing from 19.97 cm (control) to 58.21 cm, grains per spike rising from 20.67 to 69.33, and grain yield improving from 15.13 q ha⁻¹ to 27.34 q ha⁻¹. These enhancements were attributed to improved soil structure, nutrient retention, and reduced sodium toxicity, fostering better nutrient uptake and plant growth. This research demonstrates the potential of integrated soil amendments in reclaiming sodic soils, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and ensuring food security in salt-affected regions.