Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors that Influence Job Satisfaction of Dentists in Clinical Practice: A Systematic Review

Abstract

Objective: A Dentist’s job is a challenging yet essential profession. Therefore, job satisfaction is important to ensure patient satisfaction. This comprehensive systematic review was conducted to explore the intrinsic and extrinsic factors that influence the job satisfaction of Dentists in clinical practice. Methods: A systematic database search [PubMed (Medline), Science Direct and Scopus] was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The inclusion criteria were cross-sectional studies published during the past decade. Search terms included: Dentists, Dental practitioner, Oral surgeon, Practicing dentistry, Dental surgeons, Job satisfaction, and work satisfaction. Results: Most of the studies showed that the dentists were satisfied with their jobs. From 338 search results, 33 studies that were included in the final analysis. The studies included 18 studies from high-income countries, 10 from upper-middle-income countries, 4 from lower-middle-income countries, and one from a lower-income country. The quality analysis showed that most studies met all the components of the quality analysis tool. Intrinsic-motivational factors revealed in the studies are relationships with patients, colleagues, and staff, control in the working environment, recognition for work, opportunities for advancements, possessing a postgraduate qualification, and good quality of service. Extrinsic hygiene factors include employment in the private sector, satisfaction with salary, sufficient hours of work, employing dental ancillaries in the team such as hygienists and dental assistants, job security, good physical conditions, and a working environment. Conclusion: Intrinsic and extrinsic factors related to the working environment as well as psychological factors influence the job satisfaction of dentists. Therefore, it is essential that all factors are considered in managing dentists in clinical settings to ensure they are satisfied.