A Basic Review on Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder characterized by excessive glucose levels and less insulin or absent of insulin hormone in the blood circulation. Diabetes mellitus is classified into four types, namely type 1 diabetes mellitus, type 2 diabetes mellitus, gestational diabetes mellitus and juvenile diabetes mellitus. Type one diabetes mellitus is also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). This diabetes mellitus is failed to produce insulin from beta cells of pancreas. Type two diabetes mellitus is also called non insulin diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). This diabetes mellitus decreases insulin secretion from beta cell of pancreas or insulin resistance. Juvenile diabetes mellitus occurs in children and gestational diabetes which occurs during pregnancy. Long standing diabetes mellitus cause formed macro and micro vascular complications. Diabetes mellitus can be managed with antidiabetic drugs, both oral and parenteral routes.