A Correlation between Dietary Patterns and Anaemia among Adolescent Girls of Kolam Tribe

Abstract

Introduction: Anaemia is a significant public health issue, particularly among adolescent girls, due to inadequate dietary intake and increased iron requirements. Objective: This study aims to assess the correlation between dietary patterns and anaemia among adolescent girls. Methods and Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 2023 to January 2024, involving 60 adolescent girls aged 17–18 years from government higher secondary schools. Participants were randomly selected, and informed written consent was obtained. A semi-structured questionnaire collected data on sociodemographic details, dietary intake, and anaemia-related knowledge. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a hemoglobinometer, classifying anaemia as mild (11.0–11.9 mg/dl), moderate (8.0–10.9 mg/dl), or severe (<8.0 mg/dl). Socioeconomic status was determined using the modified Kuppuswamy classification. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS software, applying descriptive statistics and Pearson’s chi-square test for associations. Results: Anaemia was prevalent among 75% of the participants, with 5% classified as severe cases. The mean BMI was 20.1, height 146.6 cm, and weight 43.0 kg. Dietary analysis revealed that 70% maintained regular meal timings, with daily consumption of cereals, milk, and occasional buttermilk. Leafy vegetables were consumed twice a week (95%), fruits once a week (86%), and meat twice a week. Eggs were consumed daily by 21 participants, while 63% consumed millets twice a month. The findings highlight a significant correlation between dietary patterns and anaemia prevalence, suggesting the need for improved nutritional interventions.