The Role of MSC-Derived Exosomes in Soft Tissue Remodelling via the PTEN and PI3K/AKT Pathway Following Wide Excision of Fibrosarcoma: A Review

Abstract

Fibrosarcoma is a neoplasm of fibroblast tissue with varying collagen production. Fibrosarcoma, an aggressive form of soft tissue cancer, is currently a major challenge in the field of oncology. Although its prevalence is relatively low compared to other cancers, fibrosarcoma's severity lies in its tendency to infiltrate and destroy healthy tissue quickly. Surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment for fibrosarcoma. This procedure is critical to optimizing patient outcomes while minimizing surgical risks and complications. MSCs show positive results in the regeneration of fibrous tissue through their ability to differentiate into tenocytes or fibroblasts and their paracrines. MSCs also have effects that promote healing and tissue remodeling increases the synthesis of extracellular matrix components and restores tissue structure and function. MSCs also release products in the form of growth factors and cytokines modulate inflammatory responses, and stimulate endogenous, enhancing angiogenesis repair mechanisms. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs can increase the production of type I and type III collagen via the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in fibroblasts. Furthermore, exosomes from adipose tissue-derived MSCs have been found to prevent scarring, suggesting that cell-free therapy may be an effective strategy. Due to the limited research on the effects of MSC on soft tissue remodelling wide excision of fibrosarcoma, the author initiated the creation of this review article. In this literature review, we summarize the latest research which aims to provide an overview of the effect of mesenchymal stem cells in regenerating fibrous tissue in soft tissue damage after wide excision of fibrosarcoma, so that in the future research can be carried out on this matter with the aim of minimizing complications after surgery.