Knowledge, Awareness and Practice about Chronic Oro-facial Pain among Interns Postgraduates and Dentists of Gujarat, India: A Cross-sectional Questionnaire Study

Abstract

Background: Chronic orofacial pain (COFP) presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges due to its multifactorial etiology. In India, dental professionals’ competency in managing COFP is variable. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, awareness, and clinical practices regarding COFP among dental interns, postgraduates, and practicing dentists in Gujarat. Methods: A cross-sectional, online questionnaire-based study was conducted among 144 dental professionals (interns, postgraduates, and general practitioners) across Gujarat. A 15-item validated questionnaire covered domains of definition, etiology, diagnosis, and management of COFP. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-square test (SPSS v21.0). Statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Results: A total of 144 responses were analyzed. While 90.3% correctly defined orofacial pain, a significant gap persisted: 45.8% believed all orofacial pain is dental in origin. Regarding etiology, 70.1% identified oral pathology as a cause, but only 54.9% recognized stress as an exacerbating factor. In clinical practice, 49.3% reported weekly encounters with unexplained orofacial pain, yet only 39.6% routinely performed temporomandibular joint (TMJ) examinations, and 39.6% were unfamiliar with standard management guidelines. Furthermore, 50.7% had never attended any COFP-related training. Support for a multidisciplinary approach (66.0%) and formal recognition of orofacial pain as a distinct specialty under the National Dental Commission (56.0%) was evident. Conclusion: Although basic awareness of orofacial pain is high among Gujarat’s dental professionals, critical knowledge gaps remain—particularly regarding non-dental etiologies, diagnostic protocols, and structured management. The majority lack formal training and familiarity with clinical guidelines. Mandating continuing dental education (CDE) programs and integrating COFP as a distinct specialty are essential steps to improve clinical competence and patient outcomes.