Genomic Advancement in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Harnessing Technological Breakthroughs for Future Strategies

Abstract

Wheat can be greatly improved by identifying genes that are significant to agronomy. Although progress in wheat genetics and genomics has been limited by the genome’s vast size and complexity. Wheat has a high-quality genome sequence in light of recent developments in genome sequencing and sequence assembly. Here, we propose that wheat biology can benefit from the same approaches that have been used to define biological systems in model species, such as the generation and characterization of mutants, methods for gene cloning, and enhanced transgenic technology. These tactics will encourage the establishment of wheat breeding programs and hasten the field of wheat biology. We also summarize current developments in functional genomics of wheat. In order to contribute to global food security, we conclude by talking about the future of wheat functional genomics and the sensible design-based molecular breeding of new wheat varieties. We suggest that researchers studying wheat should embrace the methods utilized for functional genomic analysis in other model species. One method for doing this is using gene cloning to find the gene causing an intriguing phenotype, deciphering the biological role of genes through the analysis of their corresponding mutants, and creating a related wheat mutant from the proposed wild-type gene to confirm the target gene’s functionality.