Hydrogeochemical Characterization and Multivariate Analysis of Groundwater in Pala, Burkina Faso: Implications for Sustainable Water Management

Abstract

The quality of groundwater and spring water in the Pala locality, influenced by both natural processes and human activities, is a major issue in the supply of drinking water to the city of Bobo Dioulasso. The geological context is mainly composed of Sotouba sandstone. This influences the chemical composition of the aquifers through water-rock interaction. This study examines the hydrogeochemical characteristics of the region's water resources in order to shed light on sustainable management strategies. For this fact, physico-chemical parameters of rainwater, and existing springs and boreholes were analysed in accordance with current standards. Statistical methods including correlation analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), factor analysis (FA) and hierarchical clustering (HCA) were used for interpretation. The results indicate that spring water is less mineralised than borehole water, which shows greater variability in physical and chemical parameters such as pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and turbidity. Major ions, dominated by bicarbonates and calcium, influence the main water facies, which are calcic bicarbonate and calcic and magnesian bicarbonate. Analysis of heavy metals reveals concentrations below WHO standards. The PCA identifies the dominant factors influencing water chemistry.  Factor analysis highlights the significant contributions of ions and the importance of understanding hydrogeochemical processes. At present, the spring and borehole water in the study area is fit for drinking in terms of physico-chemical properties and metals in the parameters analysed. Recommendations include the establishment of monitoring frameworks to protect water quality from potential sources of pollution, underlining the need for proactive management strategies in the region.