Livelihood Security of Women Farmers in High Range Agroclimatic zone of Kerala: A Critical Gender Analysis

Abstract

Aims: Women farmers in high altitudes of Kerala play a vital role in sustaining local agriculture, yet their livelihood conditions often remain overlooked in government development policies and research initiatives. This study focuses on assessing the livelihood security of women farmers in the high range agroclimatic zone of Kerala. Specifically, Idukki district was selected for its unique geographic and socio-economic characteristics. Study Design:  Ex-post facto research Place and Duration of Study: The study has been conducted in the high range agroclimatic zone of Kerala from 2022 to 2024, specifically in Idukki district, selected for its unique geographic and socio-economic characteristics. Methodology: A total of 48 women farmers were selected from six gram panchayats of Idukki district by following simple random sampling to ensure broad representation of farming households. To evaluate their well-being, a multi-dimensional Livelihood Security Index was developed incorporating five key dimensions such as food security, occupational security, educational security, health security, and social security. The index was constructed using Principal Component Analysis to ensure meaningful aggregation of variables. Results: Findings revealed that 50.00 per cent of the women farmers in Idukki were categorized under low livelihood security, 39.58 per cent under medium, and only 10.42 per cent under high category. The results underscore the vulnerability of women farmers in hilly regions, where access to resources, infrastructure, and support systems is often limited. Statistically significant associations were observed between livelihood security and factors such as educational qualification, land ownership, social participation, mass media exposure, and extension contact. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for targeted, gender-sensitive interventions that address the specific challenges of women farmers in high-altitude areas. Enhancing access to education, information, and institutional support can strengthen rural livelihoods and promote inclusive development.