Efficacy of Manual, Sonic, and Ultrasonic Agitation Techniques in Removal of Calcium Hydroxide and Bio C Temp from Root Canal System: An In vitro SEM Analysis

Abstract

Aim: To compare and evaluate the efficacy of manual, sonic, and ultrasonic agitation techniques in the removal of calcium hydroxide and Bio C Temp. Materials and Methodology: 36 extracted human mandibular premolar teeth were collected, and teeth length was standardized to 14 mm. All the root canals were instrumented with Neoendo files to size 6% 25, then the canals were dried and dressed with calcium hydroxide (n = 18) and Bio C Temp (n = 18). Following 1 week of incubation, the intracanal medicaments were removed using one of the three techniques according to tooth group: manual agitation using a rotary file, sonic agitation, or ultrasonic agitation. Scanning electron microscope evaluation was done for assessment of calcium hydroxide and Bio-C Temp removal in the middle and apical third of the root. Results: Bio C Temp removal was more effective than Calcium hydroxide. Ultrasonic agitation was the most effective method, resulting in the highest percentage of material removal and being not statistically significant from sonic agitation in the calcium hydroxide group but significant in the BioC Temp group.