Knowledge and Preventive Measures of Bed Bug Infestation among Undergraduate Hostel Students in Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria

Abstract

Background: The global resurgence of bed bug infestations has been well-documented across diverse geographical regions and socioeconomic settings, with notable increases reported in urban environments, hospitality industries, and residential communities since the late 1990s. Bed bug infestations have re-emerged globally as a significant public health challenge, with student populations in high-density housing being particularly vulnerable. Aim: This study assessed the knowledge and preventive measures of bed bug infestation among undergraduate hostel students at Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 396 students selected from three hostels (Hostel A-male, Hostel C-female, and Abiola Hostel-mixed) using multi-stage sampling. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire and analysed using descriptive statistics and chi-square tests at p<0.05 significance level. Results: The majority of respondents (80.3%) had heard about bed bugs, but only 10.6% could correctly identify an adult bed bug. Overall, 29.0% had poor knowledge, 43.7% had fair knowledge, and only 7.6% had good knowledge. Regarding preventive practices, 35.1% always inspected luggage after holidays, 24.7% conducted monthly bed inspections, and 71.6% would report suspected infestations to authorities. Overall, 13.4% had poor practices, 40.7% fair practices, and 26.3% good practices. The main barrier to reporting was fear of stigma (29.8%). Over one-third (36.9%) had experienced bed bug infestations in their hostels. The number of room occupants was significantly associated with knowledge level (p=0.023), but no factors were significantly associated with preventive practices or infestation experience. Notably, even students with good practices experienced infestations at 34.6%, highlighting the limits of individual prevention. Conclusion: The study concludes that bed bug infestation is a significant problem at ABSU, with inadequate knowledge, suboptimal practices, and multiple barriers to reporting. Comprehensive institutional interventions including integrated pest management, anti-stigma campaigns, clear reporting protocols, and mandatory student education are urgently recommended.