Impact of Climate Change on Production and Pest Dynamics of Coffee: A Bitter Brew

Abstract

Global coffee production is seriously threatened by climate change, which will affect crop productivity and quality. The ideal growing areas for coffee are changing due to rising temperatures, changed precipitation patterns, and an increase in the frequency of extreme weather events, especially for the delicate Arabica variety. In addition to affecting the physiological growth of coffee plants, these changes in climate also have an impact on the biology, distribution, and life cycle of important pests and diseases. The difficulties experienced by coffee farmers may be exacerbated by warmer temperatures, which may result in wider pest ranges, higher rates of reproduction, and more severe infestations. This review synthesizes current research on how climate variables affect coffee plant health and pest dynamics, highlighting the interconnectedness of agroecological systems. It also explores adaptive strategies, including agroforestry, resistant cultivars, and Integrated Pest Management (IPM), as essential tools for mitigating these impacts. Understanding these complex interactions is crucial for developing sustainable approaches to coffee cultivation under a changing climate.