Assessment of Cold Storage Potential in the Senegalese Fishing Industry: Analysing the Use of Equipment and Refrigerants in Context of Climate and Environmental Challenges

Abstract

This study evaluates the cold storage capabilities of the Senegalese fishing industry, where over 90% of processed products are exported in frozen form. Based on a survey of 77 industrial units across four regions (Dakar, Thiès, Saint-Louis, and Ziguinchor), representing 62.6% of the national total, the study aims to assess freezing and refrigeration capacities, identify refrigerants in use, inventory refrigeration equipment (cold rooms, tunnels, containers, ice factories), and evaluate the overall condition of facilities. The findings indicate a strong presence of local enterprises (67.5%), predominantly young (5–15 years old) and focused on negative refrigeration. Negative cold rooms account for the largest installed capacity (38,971.5 m³). R-404A is the most widely used refrigerant, representing 81.4% of total consumption, despite its significant environmental impact. The average operating temperatures are -34.97°C for freezing and -20.93°C for storage, with storage durations extending up to 365 days. Africa is the primary export market (35%), followed by Europe, Asia, and the United States. However, several challenges hinder sector performance, including high electricity costs (cited by 22.4% of respondents), frequent power outages, equipment corrosion, lack of leak detection systems, and a shortage of skilled personnel in hygiene and industrial refrigeration. While 64% of the equipment is deemed to be in good condition, maintenance is irregular. Given these constraints, the sustainable modernization of the cold chain is critical. The study underscores the need for enhanced technical training, a strategic energy transition, and stricter regulations on refrigerants to sustainably improve the competitiveness of the Senegalese fisheries sector.