Male Teachers in Kindergarten: Exploring Challenges, Coping Strategies and Personal Realisations

Abstract

Background: The teaching profession, particularly in early childhood education, is often characterised by deeply ingrained gender stereotypes. Globally, male teachers face negative stereotyping that questions their ability to nurture young children and challenges their professional roles. Aims: The study aimed to explore the experiences of male kindergarten teachers within a predominantly female work environment, describe how they navigated the associated challenges, and gather suggestions on how to increase their numbers in the Schools Division of Davao Occidental. Methodology: The study adopted a Qualitative case study design. Public kindergarten schools in Davao Occidental, Philippines, during the school year 2024-2025. This study is based on the Social Identity Theory (SIT). It provides insight into how individuals derive their sense of self from the social groups they belong to. Five male kindergarten teachers and four school heads were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews guided by a validated semi-structured interview protocol. To protect their identities, each participant was assigned a pseudonym. Prior to data collection, informed consent was obtained from all participants. The gathered data were analysed thematically to identify emerging themes, core ideas and patterns. Results: The study revealed that male kindergarten teachers are faced with significant challenges rooted in societal biases, rigid gender norms and cultural expectations. Despite these obstacles, male educators demonstrated resilience, adaptability and dedication to their roles. They employed coping strategies such as community engagement, humour, self-affirmation and collaboration with female colleagues to foster acceptance and strengthened their professional identity. School heads acknowledged these efforts, emphasising the need for inclusive policies and systemic support. The third theme highlighted how these experiences led to personal growth. By building strong relationships, demonstrating creativity, and persevering through challenges, male teachers developed a sense of belonging and confidence. Their ability to transform discomfort into innovation and leadership not only enhanced their teaching impact but also challenged traditional gender norms, contributing to a more inclusive early childhood education environment. Conclusion: The experiences of male kindergarten teachers highlight the urgent need for tailored support, improved training, and better compensation. Addressing societal biases and fostering inclusive environments are crucial for attracting and retaining male educators. Promoting awareness and policy reforms can help validate their role, challenge gender norms, and ensure a more diverse, balanced, and effective early childhood education workforce.