Phytochemical Study, Acute Toxicity and Efficacy of Aqueous and Hydroethanolic Plant Extracts in the Control of Insect Pests of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) in Korhogo, North Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Insect pests affect okra cultivation, reducing agricultural productivity. This study aimed to identify the chemical compound families, the efficacy and toxicity of aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of Azadirachta indica, Hyptis suaveolens and Solanum lycopersicum against okra insect pests. A factorial block design was used to test the efficacy of the extracts. The impact on insect abundance was measured 24 hours after application. Phytochemical screening was carried out using colorimetric tube tests. Free radical scavenging activity and acute toxicity were assessed using the DPPH and OECD 423 methods respectively. The results showed that the extracts significantly reduced pest abundance (p=0.005). Phytochemical analyses revealed that A. indica and S. lycopersicum contain polyphenols. Aqueous and hydroethanolic extracts of H. suaveolens showed antioxidant activity. The extracts are non-toxic at doses ranging from 5 to 2000 mg/kg. Extracts of A. indica, H. suaveolens and S. lycopersicum showed efficacy against insect pests of okra, while being non-toxic to mammals. These results suggest that they are environmentally friendly and safe alternatives to chemical insecticides for managing okra pests.