Immunomodulatory Effects of Annona muricata Leaf Extract in Isoproterenol-induced Acute Myocardial Infarction

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) triggers systemic inflammation and hematological disturbances that worsen cardiac outcomes. Annona muricata (soursop) leaves possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, but their immunomodulatory effects in AMI remain incompletely defined. Objective: This study investigated the effects of hydroethanolic A. muricata leaf extract on hematological parameters and blood pressure in Wistar rats with isoproterenol (ISO)-induced AMI. Methods: Thirty Wistar albino rats were randomized into five groups (n=6). Groups A–C received A. muricata extract (100, 200, 400 mg/kg), Group D received lisinopril (10 mg/kg), and Group E received distilled water for 14 days, followed by ISO induction (150 mg/kg, s.c.) on days 15 and 16. Blood pressure and heart rate were measured on day 17. Hematological parameters were analyzed from blood samples collected post-sacrifice. Data were expressed as mean ± SEM and analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. Results: ISO significantly elevated mean arterial blood pressure and heart rate, which were attenuated by A. muricata extract in a dose-dependent manner, comparable to lisinopril. Extract pre-treatment reduced total white blood cell counts, neutrophils, monocytes, and platelets while increasing lymphocyte proportions. Furthermore, red blood cell indices (RBC, HGB, HCT, MCV, MCH) were improved in extract-treated groups relative to ISO control, indicating protection against oxidative and inflammatory hematological disruptions. Conclusion: Annona muricata leaf extract demonstrated significant immunomodulatory and cardioprotective effects in ISO-induced AMI by normalizing hematological parameters and improving hemodynamic stability. These findings support its therapeutic potential as an adjunct in the management of myocardial infarction.