Oral Manifestations Associated with Hypertensive Patients: A Clinical Observational Study

Abstract

Background: Hypertension is a major chronic systemic disease affecting a large population worldwide. It has numerous oral implications either due to the disease process itself or as adverse effects of antihypertensive medications. Early identification of oral manifestations can improve diagnosis, quality of life, and comprehensive management. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence and types of oral manifestations in hypertensive patients. Materials and Methods: A clinical observational study was conducted on 100 hypertensive patients visiting the outpatient department of Oral Medicine and Radiology in a private dental institute located in Melmaruvathur over a period of six months. Detailed case histories were recorded, including demographic data, duration and hypertension, and antihypertensive medications. Comprehensive intraoral examinations were performed to assess oral soft tissue and hard tissue changes. The collected data were analyzed statistically to determine the frequency of various oral findings. Result: Periodontal disease was the most frequently observed oral condition, with periodontitis affecting 70% of the study population. Gingivitis was identified in 29% of patients, while acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis was noted in 1%. The highest prevalence of periodontal disease was observed in individuals aged between 60 and 79 years. Various oral mucosal lesions, including gingival hyperplasia, leukoplakia, lichen planus, and hyposalivation, were also documented. Conclusion: Oral manifestations were commonly observed among hypertensive patients, with periodontal disease being the predominant finding.Regular oral screening and interdisciplinary collaboration are essential for optimal management of hypertensive individuals.