Acute Budd-Chiari Syndrome in a Young Patient: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges

Abstract

Budd-chiari syndrome is a condition in which hepatic venous outflow is obstructed. Budd-Chiari Syndrome is a rare but serious condition that can lead to significant liver damage if not diagnosed and treated early. Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) has a low incidence and prevalence; research indicates that there is about one case per million people annually. To improve outcomes associated with this condition, prompt diagnosis and treatment are essential. This case report presents the clinical course of an 1-year-old male patient with no prior comorbidities presented with a chief complaints of right upper abdominal tightness which increased on intake of food, abdominal distension since 2 months which is insidious onset and gradually progressive and fever since 2 days. In this case, the patient’s clinical and physical examination showed altered echotexture of liver, caudate lobe hypertrophy with non-visualisation of hepatic venous flow and narrow calibre intrahepatic inferior venacava which was found to be positive for Budd-Chiari syndrome. Anticoagulation is needed in some patients, especially those with underlying hematologic disorders as the cause of Budd-Chiari syndrome. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time should be monitored once anticoagulation is started and should be maintained within the therapeutic range. Also monitor ALT, AST INR (international normalised ratio) levels throughout the therapy This case highlights the importance of a thorough clinical evaluation, early maging, and appropriate management strategies to improve outcomes and prevent long-term complications.