Reference Values of Transverse Foramina: A Quantitative Cadaveric Study of the Cervical Segment of the Nigerian Spine

Abstract

Aim: To evaluate dimensions and provide reference values of transverse foramina of Nigerian Spines. Study Design: Cross-sectional study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria between April 2021 and August 2021. Methodology:  Measurements were taken on 57 cervical vertebrae ranging from C2 to C7. The bones were prepared by soil and water maceration. Only fully ossified bones of Nigerian origin were selected and were all free from deformities, evidence of trauma, fractures, osteoporosis. Results: Mean values of the transverse diameter were as follow; C2=4.76±0.50mm for left and 5.50±0.44mm for right, C3=4.20±0.58mm for left and 5.10±0.69mm for right, C4=5.28±1.07mm for left and 5.38±0.67mm for right, C5= 5.29±0.81mm for left and 5.77±0.76mm for right, C6= are 6.02±0.87mm for left and 6.12±1.36mm for right, C7=14.09±1.73mm for male and 13.81±1.93mm for females Conclusion: The result of the present work will further the understanding of morphological parameters of cervical spine region of Nigerian population. It will further be important in designing country specific anatomical screw plates, spinal implants.