Bacteriological Profile and Antibiotic Resistance of Uropathogens Bacteria in Pregnant Women in Conakry, Guinea

Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent one of the most common bacterial infections worldwide, particularly affecting pregnant women. Objective:  The aim of the present study was to describe the bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of uropathogenic bacteria isolated from pregnant women consulting for UTIs in Conakry, Guinea. Methods: A six month cross sectional investigation was carried out from April to September 2023. Bacterial cultures of 105 samples were done on different solid media. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility were performed by API kits and the VITEK-2 Compact system.   Results: The age group of 18 to 25 years was predominant. Based on socio-professional characteristics, seamstresses were in the majority, followed by housewives. Multi-gesture women were predominant (41.9%), followed by Primigestrous women (39%). Urinary tract infections were more frequently observed in the second trimester of pregnancy (52.4%). Approximately 26.7% of women were on antibiotics while only 4.8% used herbal infusion. Eighty one samples (77.1 %)  yielded  bacterial growth. The isolates included 48% (=39/81)  Gram negative bacilli and 52 % (=42/81) Gram positive cocci, belonged to 9 different bacterial species. Escherichia coli was the most frequently isolated (34.6%), followed by Staphylococcus lentus (29.7%), Staphylococcus xylosus (11.1%) and Staphylococcus aureus (9.9%). Gram negative  bacilli  were mostly sensitive to  Cefoperazone + sulbactam (94.87%), piperacillin/ tazobactam (84.6 %), imipenem (79.5 %), and amoxicillin/clavulanate (71.8 %), but highly resistant to ampicillin (87 %), cefotaxime (97 %), and cefixime (85 %). Gram positive cocci showed marked resistance to tetracycline (95 %), gentamicin (62 %), and tobramycin (74 %), but they were sensitiveto but sesitive to Pristinamycin (83.33%), Quinipristine/Dalfopristine (80.95%), Nitrofurantoin (73.8%). Conclusion: These results highlight multi-resistance to antibiotics of uropathogenic germs during pregnancy in Conakry, thus requiring continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance through rational use of antibiotics during pregnancy in Guinea.