A Study of the Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Activities of the Ethanolic Leaf Extract of Anchomanes difformis (Blume) Engl. Pallidus

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this current research is to ascertain the antimicrobial and wound healing properties of the leaves of Anchomanes difformis (Araceae). Methods: Powdered leaves were extracted by cold maceration with 96.4% ethanol.  Phytochemical analysis was carried on both powdered leaves and the extract to determine the presence of some secondary plant metabolites. Agar well diffusion method was used to determine the zone of inhibition on some microorganisms that infect wounds and the MIC of the extract was determined. Excision wound model was used for the wound healing analysis in Wister albino rats. Results: Tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, and phenols were detected in both the powdered leaves and the extract. Glycoside was detected in the powdered leaves however, not detected in the extract. The A. difformis extract demonstrated antimicrobial activity with MICs of >20mg/ml, 10mg/ml, 1.25mg/mL, 0.2679mg/mL for Klebsiella pneumonia, Staph. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa respectively.  Percentage wound healing contractions of 83.51%, 90.79%, 94.66% and 98.65% were recorded for 2.5%, 5%, 10%, and 15% concentrations of A. difformis extracts respectively. Conclusion: From the result above, A. difformis has shown to have antimicrobial and wound healing properties. The study provides justification for the plant’s traditional usage to treat infections and wounds.