Assessment of Biofloc Fish Farming in Rajbari Sadar Upazila, Rajbari, Bangladesh: Current Status, Economic Analysis, and Challenges

Abstract

Biofloc technology (BFT) has emerged as a sustainable and nutrient-efficient approach to aquaculture, providing a practical response to resource limitations in Bangladesh's fisheries sector. This study examines the present condition, key challenges, and prospects of biofloc fish farming in Rajbari Sadar Upazila, Rajbari. Primary data were gathered from six selected farms using structured questionnaires and focus group discussions. The results show that the farms cultured a variety of fish species, including Labeo rohita, Catla catla, Cirrhinus mrigala, and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix. The overall stocking density recorded across the farms was 3,150 fish per acre. Demographic findings reveal that 95.83% of the farmers were male, while the largest proportion (33.33%) belonged to the 31–40 age group. In economic terms, production costs ranged from 253,200 to 358,150 BDT, with feed and fish fry accounting for the highest expenditures. Despite the considerable input costs, biofloc farming proved to be profitable, with the highest net profit reaching 129,975 BDT. Nevertheless, the sector continues to face significant constraints, including frequent disease outbreaks mainly fungal (40%) and bacterial (34%) along with high production costs and insufficient technical knowledge among farmers. While biofloc farming shows high potential, its future success in Rajbari depends on improved technical training, access to quality resources, and enhanced financial support.