Optimising Best Packaging Material for Enhancing Seed Longevity in Bitter Gourd (Momordica charantia L.) Germplasm

Abstract

The present investigation was carried out at the Department of Seed Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences, GKVK, Bangalore, to analyse the effects of storage duration, germplasm and packaging materials on the seed quality of seven distinct bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) germplasms over a period of 12 months. Notable differences were identified among the germplasms, types of packaging and their interactions concerning all physiological and biochemical parameters. Germplasm ABTG-08 (G7) and 83-024 (G6) consistently exhibited superior seed quality, characterized by reduced moisture content, enhanced germination rates (>90%), increased seedling vigour and a more pronounced retention of dehydrogenase activity, soluble protein and α-amylase at the conclusion of the storage period. Conversely, 83-026 (G1) demonstrated the least favourable outcomes across the majority of assessed parameters. Among the various packaging materials evaluated, aluminium foil pouche (P3) proved to be the most effective in preserving seed quality by effectively limiting moisture absorption, thus sustaining optimal germination rates (92.84%), vigour, enzyme activity and exhibiting minimal electrical conductivity. Conversely, cloth bags (P1) resulted in the highest accumulation of moisture, diminished germination rates (82.63%), a lower vigour index and increased electrolyte leakage. In conclusion, the combination of germplasm ABTG-08 (G7) and 83-024 (G6) encapsulated within aluminium foil pouche (P3) was ascertained to be the most advantageous for extended storage, thus ensuring superior preservation of seed viability, vigour and biochemical integrity.