Effect of Crop Residue Management on Soil Microbiology, Nutrient Dynamics, and Growth Performance of Wheat Crop

Abstract

Crop residue management is a vital agronomic practice that influences soil health, nutrient cycling, and microbial activity, especially in degraded or sodic soils.  The present investigation also aimed to evaluate the impact of incorporating crop residues along with the application of a biofertilizer consortium consisting of nitrogen-, phosphorus-, and potassium-solubilizing microorganisms on nutrient dynamics, soil health, and the growth performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivated under partially reclaimed sodic soil conditions. A field experiment was carried out using the wheat variety HD-2967, comprising ten treatment combinations involving different nitrogen levels, the application of 5 t/ha paddy straw, and a microbial consortium. Among these, the T10 treatment (150 kg N/ha + consortium + 5 t/ha residue) exhibited the most favorable outcomes. This treatment notably increased plant height, dry matter accumulation, and the post-harvest availability of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium in the soil. Additionally, T10 improved soil biological parameters, such as microbial population, enzymatic activities (including dehydrogenase and phosphatase), and microbial biomass carbon. These enhancements in microbial activity facilitated effective nutrient mineralization and contributed to improved soil health. The findings indicate that integrating crop residue, nitrogen fertilization, and biofertilizer consortium application can significantly promote nutrient cycling and biological soil quality, thereby supporting sustainable wheat cultivation in sodic soils.