Effect of Storage Time of Phaseolus lunatus (L.) Seeds on Germination and Morphological Traits in Daloa, Côte d’Ivoire

Abstract

Food security remains a major challenge, particularly in developing countries where post-harvest losses and inadequate storage practices limit the potential of many crops. Phaseolus lunatus, a nutrient-rich legume cultivated for its ability to enrich soils, is underutilized due to low viability of its seeds after storage. This study aims to evaluate the effect of storage duration on the germination and morphological performance of two morphotypes (M1 and M2) of this species, to optimize seed management practices. Experiment was conducted using a randomized block design with two replications. Four storage durations were tested: less than two months (T1), one year (T2), two years (T3), and three years (T4). The measured parameters included germination rate, emergence time, number of leaves, plant height, and leaf biomass. Statistical analyses assessed effects of morphotypes, storage duration, and their interactions. Results indicate that seed viability decreased significantly with storage duration, with germination rates dropping from 70% (M1) and 75% (M2) at T1 to 20% (M1) and 35% (M2) at T3, and reaching 0% after three years (T4). Emergence time also increased with storage duration, reaching 7.62 days at T3. Morphologically, seeds stored for less than two months (T1) produced more vigorous plants. M2 outperformed M1 in all conditions, demonstrating superior tolerance to seed ageing. These findings underscore the importance of improved storage methods and highlight the potential of M2 for breeding programs. Effective management of Phaseolus lunatus seeds could significantly contribute to the sustainability of agricultural systems and global food security.