Perceptions of Human–Wildlife Interactions and Conservation Outcomes among Communities Residing Near Ranthambore Tiger Reserve, India

Abstract

Protected areas such as the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR) are vital for wildlife conservation, yet they often lead to complex socio-economic dynamics for nearby communities.  This study examines local perceptions of the Ranthambore Tiger Reserve (RTR), focusing on socio-cultural impacts, benefits and losses, causes of human-wildlife conflict (HWC), mitigation efforts, and overall attitudes. A survey of 360 respondents from RTR’s buffer zone was conducted using a structured questionnaire with a three-point scale. Data were analysed using weighted means, categorisation through cumulative square root frequency, Garrett Ranking and regression to identify influencing factors. Results showed 37.5% of respondents experienced high socio-cultural impacts, such as fear of wild animals and changes in farming practices. While 76.94% benefited from access to forest resources like fodder and water, only 20.28% perceived high overall benefits. Most respondents attributed HWC to urbanisation, forest resource scarcity, and preferred crops. Around 64% adopted preventive strategies, but dissatisfaction with compensation was high. Overall, 40.56% had a medium-level perception of RTR. A majority (58.61%) indicated that they request compensation from forest officials to help restore their livelihoods. Additionally, 64.17% adopted new preventive measures such as field fencing or livestock protection strategies to mitigate future losses, while 25.28% viewed such methods as ineffective and did not adopt them. Regression analysis found that family size and landholding negatively influenced perception, while education, income, herd size, extension contact, and distance from the reserve had positive effects. The study concludes that although RTR provides ecological benefits, it also creates socio-economic challenges. Strengthening compensation, conflict mitigation, and community engagement can enhance conservation support.