Plate–Rod Fixation Using Locking Compression Plates with an Open-But-Do-Not-Touch Approach for Femoral Fractures in Dogs: A Clinical Study

Abstract

Background: Long bone fractures are common in young dogs, particularly affecting the femur, and are mainly caused by trauma such as road accidents and falls. Advanced fixation techniques, including locking compression plates combined with intramedullary pins, have been shown to improve fracture stability and promote effective bone healing. Aims: The study aims to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcomes of femoral fracture repair in dogs using a plate–rod construct with locking compression plates (LCP) combined with an intramedullary rod occupying approximately 40% of the medullary cavity, employing an open-but-do-not-touch (OBDNT) biological approach. Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Department of Veterinary Surgery and Radiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Pookode, Wayanad, over a period of one year. Methodology: Six dogs with femoral fractures of varying configurations (simple, wedge, and comminuted) were included irrespective of age, breed, and sex. Fractures were classified according to Unger’s classification system. All animals underwent surgical stabilisation using a plate–rod construct with an intramedullary rod occupying approximately 40% of the medullary cavity, combined with appropriately sized locking compression plates. A standard craniolateral approach was used, adhering to the OBDNT principle to preserve the biological environment. Postoperative evaluation included clinical assessment of posture, gait, lameness, and functional outcome, along with serial radiographic evaluation at 14, 30, 60, and 90 days. Results: All fractures healed successfully through callus formation and secondary bone healing. Early weight bearing was observed in most animals within 2–4 weeks postoperatively. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated progressive callus formation, with complete fracture union achieved in all cases by 90 days. No major complications such as implant failure, malalignment, or infection were observed. Functional outcomes were graded as excellent in all animals, with complete resolution of lameness. Conclusion: The plate–rod construct using a 40% intramedullary rod in combination with locking compression plates, applied using an OBDNT approach, provides effective stabilisation and promotes favourable biological healing in canine femoral fractures. This technique is a reliable option for managing fractures of varying configurations with excellent functional outcomes.