Primary Intraosseous Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Mandible: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Insights from a Rare Case

Abstract

Primary intraosseous squamous cell carcinoma (PIOSCC) of the mandible is malignant epithelial neoplasm arising within the jawbone, without any initial connection to the oral mucosa. It represents a rare variant of odontogenic carcinoma and accounts for less than 2% of all oral malignancies. Due to its clinical and radiographic resemblance to other odontogenic tumors and inflammatory lesions, it often presents a diagnostic challenge. We report a case of PIOSCC in a 30-year-old male presenting with swelling and restricted mouth opening in the left posterior mandibular region. Comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic examinations led to the diagnosis of primary intraosseous carcinoma. The patient underwent hemimandibulectomy, and the lesion was histopathologically confirmed. This article discusses the clinical presentation, radiological features of PIOSCC, along with a review of the literature emphasizing the diagnostic challenges and therapeutic strategies for this rare malignancy.