Epidemiological Investigation of Poultry Diseases and Prescribed Antimicrobials in Kishoreganj Based on Hospital Data

Abstract

An epidemiological study was conducted in the District Veterinary Hospital, Kishoreganj from June 2019 up to October 2019 to explore the distribution of different diseases/conditions in chickens (Broiler, Layer, Sonali) and ducks, as well as to know the prescribed antimicrobial patterns at the study area. A total of 805 poultry information of either infected or dead birds were collected and examined to diagnose the diseases based on history, clinical signs, and postmortem findings. The prevalence of Newcastle disease was the highest (16.61%; 95% CI: 13.79-19.75) in chickens among the overall chicken diseases and Duck plague (55.49%) over other duck diseases. IBD percentage (31.78%) was higher followed by visceral gout (16.82%), mycoplasmosis, and omphalitis in the broiler. In layer, the distribution of ND (23.81%) was significantly higher among all diseases during the study period, accompanied by IBD, CRD, Avian tuberculosis, Avian Influenza, heatstress, etc. Coccidiosis was counted as the most frequent disease in sonali and prevalence was 32.69% while, IBD, ND, AI, and concurrent infections of Coccidiosis with ND and IBD were dominant. The present study observed lots of co-infections in poultry and a wide range of unnecessary antimicrobials were prescribed for treating the diseased birds. Among them, a combination of Erythromycin, Sulphadiazine, and Trimethoprim (20.08%) was the most used antibiotic followed by Tiamulin hydrogen fumarate (13.58%). This study depicts the clinical poultry diseases/conditions burden which will be helpful for the authority to prioritize the disease and take preventive or control measures, and findings will be serve as a baseline information for future research in the study area.