Evaluation of Complications in Type-II Diabetes Patients at Tertiary Care Hospital : A Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Hyperglycemia is a hallmark of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, a chronic metabolic disease that can lead to long-term microvascular, macrovascular, and other complications. There are about 74.2 million diabetics in India, accounting for 8.3% of the adult population. Over 50% of people with diabetes are experiencing complications. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of type 2 diabetes complications at tertiary care hospitals. For six months, from November 2024 to April 2025, a cross-sectional study was conducted at the SVRRGGH, Tirupati, inpatient general medicine and general surgery department. A specially created proforma was used to gather information on the demographics, microvascular, macrovascular, and other complications of 200 patients. Male patients (56.5%) out numbered female patients (43.5%), according to the study. Type 2 diabetes microvascular complications included retinopathy (13%), neuropathy (15%), and nephropathy (23%), while macrovascular complications were found to be prevalent at 19% and other complications at 30%. The serious consequences of type 2 diabetes mellitus complications are highlighted in this study, especially for middle-aged patients. The study concludes as nephropathy and neuropathy were the most common microvascular problems, and their progression was facilitated by poor glycaemic control and lifestyle choices.