Ameliorative Effects of a Herbal Drink Jigsimur on Paraquat-induced Nephrotoxicity in Wistar Rats

Abstract

Introduction: Paraquat is a widely used but highly toxic herbicide known to induce multi-organ damage, especially nephrotoxicity, through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress. Jigsimur, a polyherbal preparation derived primarily from Aloe ferox, is traditionally used in Africa for treating inflammatory and degenerative diseases, though scientific validation of its efficacy remains limited. This study aimed to investigate the potential reno-protective and ameliorative effects of Jigsimur in a rat model of paraquat-induced nephrotoxicity. With increasing concerns about environmental toxins and their impact on renal health, the search for safe and effective natural remedies has intensified. This study investigated the potential reno-ameliorative effects of Jigsimur—a herbal drink derived from Aloe ferox—on paraquat-induced kidney damage in Wistar rats. Methodology: Thirty adult Wistar rats (100–130 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (n = 6). Group A (negative control) received food and water only, while Group B (positive control) was administered 20 mg/kg of paraquat without treatment. Group C received 200 mg/kg of Jigsimur alone. Groups D and E were administered 20 mg/kg paraquat and subsequently treated with Jigsimur at 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg, respectively. Paraquat was administered once daily for two weeks, while Jigsimur treatment lasted for four weeks via oral gavage. Blood was collected via ocular puncture for biochemical analysis (urea, uric acid, creatinine), and kidneys were harvested and fixed in 10% formal saline for histological assessment. Results: Paraquat exposure led to significant elevations in serum urea, uric acid, and creatinine levels, indicating renal dysfunction. Jigsimur treatment significantly reduced these markers (p < 0.05) and improved body weight. Histological evaluation revealed marked renal damage in the paraquat-only group, while Jigsimur-treated groups exhibited comparatively milder alterations, supporting its renoprotective potential. Conclusion: The findings highlight Jigsimur's promising therapeutic potential in mitigating pesticide-induced nephrotoxicity.