Evaluation of Selected Pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.) Genotypes for Resistance to Insect Pest Complex in Dry Areas of North Rift Valley, Kenya

Abstract

Pigeonpea is an important pulse crop that has gained importance in semi-arid tropics, although its yield potential has not been fully realized due to biotic and abiotic stresses that limit its production. Insect pest complex of pod borer (Helicoverpa armigera), sucking bug (Clavigralla tomentosicollis) and pod fly (Melanagromyza cholcosoma) are the major limiting factors to its production causing up to 100% yield loss. The objective of this study was to evaluate resistant genotypes to insect pest complex in dry parts of North Rift Valley Kenya. The study was carried out in three sites (Kenya Agricultural Livestock Research Organization- Marigat, Agricultural Training Centre-Koibatek and Fluorspar-Chepsirei) for one season during long rain of April-November 2014 growing season. Sixteen ICRISAT elite genotypes were evaluated in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 75cm inter and 25 cm intra spacing. Significant (P≤0.05) differences in grain yield performance, incidence and severity of the insect pests were revealed in all sites. The damage was more severe in Marigat (Pod borer-37.2%, Sucking bug-39.3% and pod fly-5.9%) than ATC- Koibatek (Pod borer-1.9%, Sucking bug-8.4% and pod fly-5.9%) and Fluorspar (Pod borer-3.6%, Sucking bug-6.8% and pod fly-2.9%). Genotypes ICEAPs 00850R, 00902, 01541 and 1154-2 showed potential levels of resistance to the insect pest complex and high yields. Grain yield associated negatively (P≤0.05) with pod borer and sucking bug damage correlated non-significantly with pod fly damage. The potential genotypes identified in this study need to be further evaluated in two seasons and in other multi-locations to validate these findings to be used in breeding.