Comprehensive Pharmacological Assessment and Phytochemical Analysis of Tetrastigma angustifolia (Roxb.) Deb.: Unveiling Analgesic, Anxiolytic and Hypoglycemic Potential in Traditional Medicinal Contexts

Abstract

Aims: Despite its promising applications in traditional medicine, the bioactivity of Tetrastigma angustifolia and its constituent phytochemicals remain underexplored. This study sought to elucidate the potential therapeutic benefits of Tetrastigma angustifolia in animal models, specifically focusing on its analgesic, anxiolytic and hypoglycemic properties. Additionally, a comprehensive analysis of the plant’s chemical composition was conducted. Methodology: Methanolic extracts of Tetrastigma angustifolia leaves were subjected to phytochemical screening. The anxiolytic effects were assessed through the Elevated Plus Maze and Hole Board tests. Analgesic activity was evaluated using the Acetic Acid-Induced Writhing method, while hypoglycemic effects were determined through the Glucose Tolerance Test. Results: Phytochemical analysis identified the presence of alkaloids (0.5%), tannins (1.2%), and flavonoids (0.8%). The extract demonstrated significant anxiolytic activity, with 60% increase in time spent in the open arms of the Elevated Plus Maze compared to control groups (p < 0.01). Analgesic properties were evident with a 50% reduction in writhing response (p < 0.05). Moreover, the extract exhibited dose-dependent hypoglycemic effects, resulting in a 30% reduction in blood glucose levels (p < 0.001) relative to controls. Conclusion: Tetrastigma angustifolia exhibits considerable therapeutic potential as evidenced by its significant analgesic, anxiolytic and hypoglycemic effects. These findings suggest its potential utility in drug development. However, to substantiate the observed effects, further research is warranted, including in silico analyses and more sophisticated experimental validations.