Spectrum of Thyroid Diseases in Makurdi, Benue State of Nigeria: A Review of 94 Consecutive Cases

Abstract

This study aims to review the spectrum of thyroid diseases in Makurdi, Benue State of Nigeria through a histopathological survey. It is a retrospective study covering 1st January, 2005 to 31st December, 2016. Ninety four (94) consecutive cases of thyroidectomy specimens collected from Holy Trinity Specialist Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria a private hospital and Benue State University Teaching Hospital, Makurdi, Nigeria between January 1st, 2005 to December 31st, 2016 were examined histologically and analyzed with regards to age and sex. There were 7 male specimens as against 87 female specimens giving a male: female ratio of 1:12.43. Nodular colloid goiter was the commonest histological lesion accounting for 72%, followed by thyroid carcinoma which accounted for 11.66%, adenoma 10.60%. Thyroiditis, 5.30% was the fourth commonest pathology and thyroglossal cyst/duct accounted for 1.06%. Follicular carcinoma was the commonest malignancy seen accounting for 7.51% of all specimens and most occurred in females. However, most of these thyroid malignancies occurred in younger age groups (20-49years) compared to other studies in Nigeria and Africa. There is need for a large scale study in Makurdi on the relatively younger age of our thyroid malignancies, higher incidence of follicular carcinoma when compared to other African studies and the relatively high incident of thyroiditis found in this study.