Prevalence of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency among Plasmodium falciparum Infected Children in Kaduna State, Nigeria

Abstract

Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) is an inherited genetic disorder characterized by reduced or absent activity of the G6PD enzyme. It is prevalent globally, especially in regions where malaria is endemic. The G6PD enzyme plays a critical role in maintaining cellular redox balance and protecting red blood cells from oxidative stress. This study was conducted in Kaduna North Local Government Area, aim to identify G6PD deficiency among children aged 1-5 years. The study utilized several methods, including rapid diagnostic tests for detecting Plasmodium falciparum, automated blood analyzers for measuring red blood cell parameters, quantitative G6PD kits to assess enzyme activity, and spectrophotometer assays. Among 207 children who tested positive for Plasmodium falciparum, 33 (15.94%) were identified with G6PD deficiency in the 1-5 years age group. The highest prevalence was observed in age group 5 (33.33%), while age groups 3 and 4 had the lowest prevalence (12.12%). Males had a higher prevalence (66.67%) compared to females (33.33%), with Barau Dikko Teaching Hospital reporting the highest prevalence rate (16.98%) among the hospitals studiedThe study found that 70.21% of cases exhibited the lowest G6PD enzyme activity (0-4.4 range) U/g Hb, while 19.15% showed normal activity (4.5-13.5 range) U/g Hb, and 10.64% had activity above 13.5U/g Hb. Understanding the genetic underpinnings and implementing appropriate management strategies are essential for effectively managing individuals affected by G6PD deficiency.