Strategies for Enhancing ICT Access and Instructor Support in Adult Education Centres in the Coastal Region of Tanzania

Abstract

The increasing demand for digital learning and lifelong education has intensified the need for effective information and communication technology (ICT) integration in adult education centres, particularly in developing countries where access to educational technology remains uneven. In Tanzania, adult education centres continue to experience inadequate ICT infrastructure, limited instructor support, weak internet connectivity, and insufficient technical assistance, all of which constrain inclusive teaching and learning. This study examined strategies for enhancing ICT access and instructor support in adult education centres in the Coastal Region of Tanzania. Guided by policy implementation theory and the technology acceptance model, the study adopted a mixed-methods cross-sectional survey design to collect quantitative and qualitative data. A total of 60 respondents, comprising 40 adult learners, 16 instructors, and 4 coordinators, were selected from centres in Kibaha, Kisarawe, Mkuranga, and Kibiti through stratified random and purposive sampling. Data were collected using structured questionnaires, semi-structured interviews, and observation checklists. Instrument validity was established through expert review and pilot testing, while reliability was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and test-retest procedures, yielding an alpha value of 0.79. Quantitative data were analysed using IBM SPSS through frequencies, percentages, means, and standard deviations, whereas qualitative data were transcribed, coded, and analysed thematically. The findings showed that the centres had moderately adequate ICT resources, particularly stable electricity supply and positive instructor attitudes towards technology use. However, gaps remained in ICT equipment, technical support, instructor training, and internet connectivity, limiting consistent ICT integration. The study highlights the need for improved infrastructure, continuous professional development, reliable technical support, and collaborative partnerships to strengthen sustainable digital learning in adult education centres.