Study of Hematobiochemical, Immune Status and Oxidative Parameters in Ross AP Strain Broiler Birds Based on Supplementation of Moringa oleifera and Indigenous Cow Urine Distillate in Drinking Water

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to compare the efficacy of native Munga plant (M. oleifera) methanolic leaves extract, indigenous cow (Kosali) urine distillate (CUD) and their combination on hematobiochemical status, immune status and oxidative parameters of Ross AP strain broiler birds (during April-May) using day-old broiler chicks (n = 150) with 30 birds in each group, were reared for 42 days. The day-old chicks were divided into 5 treatment groups, each with 3 replicates of 10 birds. The treatment groups were as follows: Group C (Control) consisted of a basal diet without any feed additives, group S (Standard) consisted of a basal diet with Enradin as an antibiotic @ 0.025% in feed, group T1 consisted of M. oleifera @ 1g/L in drinking water (0.1%) + basal feed, group T2 consisted of Cow urine distillate @ 10ml/L in drinking water (1%) + basal feed, and group T3 consisted of a combination of M. oleifera @ 1g/L (0.1%) and cow urine distillate @ 10ml/L in drinking water (1%) + basal feed. In the haematological study groups T1, T2 and T3 showed significantly (P<0.05, <0.01) higher levels of Hb, PCV, TEC and TLC as compared to the control group at the end of the 6th week. In the biochemical study, Group T1, T2 and T3 showed a significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) higher blood glucose level (mg/dl) as compared to the Control group. Groups T1, T2 and T3 showed significant (P<0.05 and <0.01) reduction in levels of AST, creatinine and uric acid (T1) as compared to the control group. Also, there was an increase in Total protein and globulin (T1) as compared to the control group. In the case of Ca and P, the T1 and T3 groups showed a significant increase (P<0.05 and <0.01) as compared to the control group. At the end of the 6th week of the experiment, the antioxidant status of birds was measured in blood. For this study lipid peroxidation in red blood cell (RBC) hemolysate and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration in RBC suspension were estimated. The birds of group T1, T2 and T3 showed significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) lowered MDA level, higher mean reduced GSH and increased GPx levels as compared to the control group. Also, there was a significantly (P<0.05, <0.01 and <0.001) higher glutathione peroxidase (GPx) level in the birds of T1, T2 and T3 groups. On the 28th and 35th days, the humoral immunity test was showing significantly (P<0.01 and <0.001) improvement in birds of groups T1, T2 and T3. The Cell-mediated immune status was determined by DTH (direct type hypersensitivity reaction) test on birds’ skin and resulted that the T1, T2 and T3 groups showed a significantly positive response at both pre-and post-sensitization (6, 12, 24 and 48hr).