Successful Management of Complete Uterine Prolapse Following Abortion in a Non-descript Cow: A Case Report

Abstract

Uterine prolapse is a life-threatening obstetrical emergency in cattle that requires immediate clinical intervention. A non-descript cow with an unknown reproductive history was presented to the IVRI Polyclinic with complete uterine prolapse accompanied by retained fetal membranes, severe uterine oedema, contamination, and localised necrosis. The relatively small caruncles suggested that the prolapse had followed abortion rather than full-term parturition. Clinical examination revealed reduced feed and water intake, mild dehydration, and mild hypocalcaemia, with a serum calcium concentration of 7.9 mg/dL. Following caudal epidural anaesthesia, the retained fetal membranes were removed, the prolapsed uterus was thoroughly cleansed, devitalised tissue was debrided, and uterine lacerations were repaired using No. 1 Vicryl in a cross-mattress pattern. Topical application of 50% dextrose solution reduced uterine oedema and facilitated manual replacement. The cow was maintained in sternal recumbency on two stacked mattresses, with the hindquarters elevated and both hind limbs extended caudally. After complete repositioning, a Buhner’s vulval retention suture was applied. Systemic ceftiofur, meloxicam, chlorpheniramine maleate, dextrose saline, calcium borogluconate, and supportive therapy were administered. The retention suture was removed on day seven, and the cow recovered without recurrence. This case demonstrates that timely replacement, correction of hypocalcaemia, careful tissue management, and appropriate postoperative monitoring can support a favourable clinical outcome.