Exposure to Bisphenol A (BPA) and Its Possible Health Risks

Abstract

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a chemical compound that is utilized in the manufacturing of epoxy resins and polycarbonate plastics including food cans, baby bottles, dental sealants, toys, water pipes, & thermal papers. Its widespread application resulted in its elevated exposure to animals and humans. BPA can enter into the body through oral route, dermal absorption, inhalation, occupational handling of BPA, and food & beverage intakes. Ingestion of BPA from food containers linings is one of the major pathways. The present analysis revealed that its exposure leads to significant harmful effects. Endocrine disruption, neurotoxicity, cardiovascular dysfunction, reproductive abnormalities, metabolic disorders, carcinogenicity, genotoxicity, immunotoxicity are some major health conditions that are observed in humans and several animal models. It also induces epigenetic transgenerational alterations and its prenatal exposure give rise to gestational diabetes by damaging glucose metabolism and stimulating resistance to insulin, early onset of puberty after birth because of its estrogenic action, impaired gonads, and some other disorders. Together with limiting the utilization of bisphenol A, it is the critical time to establish some biocompatible substitutes.