The Continuing Quest for High Tc –Superconductors: A Review

Abstract

Superconductors, perhaps a mirage in the eyes of most chemists for many years, was pushed to the forefront of chemical interest with the synthesis and characterization of the first ‘’high - temperature’’ superconductor (Sr-doped La2CuO4 or 2-1-4) in 1986. The first superconductor with a Tc above the boiling point of liquid nitrogen (YBa2Cu3O7 which is often referred to as ‘’1-2-3’’ compound because of Y: Ba: Cu stoichiometry) was synthesized a year later. This was a time in which superconducting materials created unprecedented excitement in scientific community; it was a year in which the public was captivated by new vistas in technology. The title of the article reflects that there is a crave for superconducting materials. This paper attempts to elucidate the technological advantage of superconductors and reflects the notation that chemistry can have a positive impact upon our lives. Firstly, the historical background of superconductivity is presented then the theory of superconductivity and the description of physical and chemical principles upon which it rests is given. Finally, some prospects for the future applications of these new materials are discussed.