Transforming Indian Agriculture: The Emerging Era and Benefits of Digital Agriculture

Abstract

Agriculture remains the backbone of India’s economy, supporting nearly 60 percent of the workforce and contributing substantially to GDP and food security. In recent years, advances in digital agriculture including artificial intelligence, machine learning, Internet of Things, geographic information systems, block chain, mobile applications, and autonomous machinery are reshaping traditional farming practices. These tools enable precision farming, improve resource efficiency, strengthen supply-chain traceability, and enhance climate resilience, addressing challenges of population growth and environmental stress. This paper presents a comprehensive integrative review of the evolution, current landscape, and prospects of digital agriculture in India. Drawing on more than 80 peer-reviewed studies, policy documents, and case reports published between 2010 to June, 2025, it synthesizes evidence on technological categories, benefits, adoption patterns, and barriers. Findings highlight productivity gains, cost reductions, improved decision-making, and expanded market access, alongside persistent infrastructure and knowledge gaps. By mapping technological trends and policy implications, the study offers actionable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to foster sustainable, inclusive agricultural development.