Evaluation of Natural Pigments Extracted from Tomato Wastes and the Possibility of their Encapsulation

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the best methods from extracting natural pigments from tomato fruit wastes by four techniques used to extract lycopene and β-carotene each of them consisting of three solvents: ethanol, acetone and hexane in the following ratios (1:1:1), (2:1:1), (1:2:1) and (1:1:2) ml respectively. We studied too the possibility of encapsulation by freeze drying with a mixture of gelatin and gum Arabic as a carrier in nine microcapsules differing with respect to the total encapsulant (E) (2.5, 5.0, and 7.5%) and core (C) concentrations, the latter varying in relation to the total weight of encapsulant (25, 50, and 75%). The nine microcapsules were coded as follows: (1) E2.5/C25; (2) E2.5/C50; (3) E2.5/C75; (4) E5.0/C25; (5) E5.0/C50; (6) E5.0/C75; (7) E7.5/C25; (8) E7.5/C50; and (9) E7.5/C75. We found that the best solvent mixture for the extraction process was 1:1:2, and the most efficient microcapsules were E5.0/C75, E5.0/C50 and E2.5/C25. By studying the stability of the best three microcapsules when exposed to different values of heat, light, oxygen and pH, it was found that the most stable of them was E5.0/C75, followed by E5.0/C50 and then E2.5/C25. It was therefore recommended that further future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of this microcapsule as a natural additive in food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.