Understanding Weed Dynamics and Management Strategies in Direct-seeded Rice

Abstract

Direct-seeded rice (DSR) is emerging as a resource-efficient alternative to conventional transplanting, offering 20-40% water savings and reduced labour costs. However, its success is constrained by severe weed infestation due to the absence of standing water, leading to yield losses ranging from 45-80 %. Weed flora in DSR is diverse, comprising grasses, sedges and broadleaf species, which exhibit strong competitive ability and adaptability under aerobic conditions. Weed dynamics are influenced by factors such as soil characteristics, moisture regime, tillage practices and sowing methods, affecting weed emergence, distribution and persistence. The critical period of weed competition occurs during early crop growth, making timely intervention essential. Understanding weed biology and ecology, including seed bank dynamics, is crucial for effective management. Various weed management strategies such as preventive measures, cultural practices, mechanical methods, biological approaches and judicious herbicide use in integrated manner play key role in managing weeds. Advances in precision technologies further support improved and site-specific weed control in direct-seeded rice systems.